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| Borobudur tempel |
History
Borobudur had been buried by cold lava massive eruption of Mount Merapi in about the year 950 AD and was discovered in 1814 when the British occupied Indonesia. Governor-General Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles heard about the discovery of giant archaeological object in Bumisegoro village, Magelang. Due to the great interest the history of Java (Raffles also wrote the book History of Java, 1817), immediately ordered Raffles H.C. Cornelius, a Dutch engineer, to investigate the discovery of the location was a hill covered with shrubs.
The first restoration is done directly by Raffles, who started to cut trees and remove shrubs that covered the giant building. Because of that discovery, Raffles was honored as the person who started the restoration of Borobudur and the world attention. In 1835, the entire area of the temple has been unearthed. This temple continues restored the Dutch colonial period and continued after Indonesia's independence by the Republic of Indonesia with the assistance of UNESCO. The whole process of restoration was completed in 1984.
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Many people around the world have made Borobudur Temple as a place that must be visited in his life. Many theories that attempt to explain the origin of the word Borobudur. One of them states that the name is probably derived from the word Sambharabhudhara, which means "mountain" (bhudara) where the slopes are located terraces.
In addition there are several other folk etymology. Suppose borobudur word comes from the word "the Buddha" is due to shift borobudur sound. Another explanation is that the word is derived from the word bara Borobudur and budur. Bara / vihara means temple complex and budur or beduhur means top or hill. So, could be interpreted as Borobudur temple complex located on the hill.Borobudur Temple building area is 123 x 123 m with a building height of 34.5 m and has 1460 relief, 504 Buddha statues, and 72 stupas.
Borobudur has 10 levels (representing the ten levels of Bodhisattva who must pass to reach the perfection of the Buddha). 10 levels consists of six levels of a square, circular level 3 circular and a main stupa as a peak.Borobudur was built as a symbol of many stages in the Buddhist theory. When viewed from above, Borobudur-shaped mandala (the traditional form of Buddhism). Mandala is the centerpiece of a combination of Buddhist and Hindu art. The basic shape of the many Hindu and Buddhist mandalas is a square with four entry points and the center point of the circular. In terms of both exterior and interior, Borobudur symbolize the three zones of consciousness level plus one main area which describes perfection or nirvana.
The first zone is Kamadhatu or the phenomenal world, a world inhabited by most people, which can also be interpreted in a world still dominated by kama or "low desire". The lowest level Borobudur temple is enclosed by the foundation advocates the building, so it is not visible. Hidden Kamadhatu zone consists of 160 reliefs depicting the story of Karmawibhangga Sutra, the causal law.
Reliefs here describe the human desires, such as robbery, murder, torture, and humiliation. Some evidence suggests that this basic level is added to the original building of this temple. The reason of this addition is not 100% sure, but most likely for the stability of the building structure and strengthen the foundations of buildings or it could be because of religious reasons, which is to cover more dirty contents. This additional section height 3.6 m and a width of 6.5 m. The covered bottom corner has been permanently open so that visitors can see the hidden foundations including some reliefs.
Zone 2 Rupadhatu or transition world, where human beings have been liberated from earthly things, but it is still bound by the appearance and shape. This level represents the nature of which, between the underworld and the upper world.
Rupadhatu square patio with galleries of chiseled stone reliefs, also a series of niches containing statues of Buddha. Overall, there are 328 statues of Buddha in a zone that also has a lot of relief with this pure decoration. Sanskrit Manuscript is illustrated in this zone by 1300 reliefs are Gandhawyuha, Lalitawistara, Jataka, and Awadana. The reliefs are lined up along the 2.5 km. In this zone there is also a decorative panel in 1212.
Zone 3 Arupadhatu or highest world, the abode of the gods. The three circular terraces towards the center or domed stupa depicts the rise to the upper world. Terraces here have less ornament, and prefer the purity of form. This level represents the upper world, where people are free from all desires and bond forms and shapes, but have not reached nirvana. Statues of Buddha placed in a stupa covered with holes like in a cage. From the outside the statues were still seem vague. In total, there are 72 stupas like this.
The highest level illustrates the absence of a form is represented in the form of the largest and highest stupa. Stupa depicted plain without holes.Location and Amenities Borobudur temple is located in the village of Borobudur, District Borobudur, Magelang regency, about 40 km northwest of Yogyakarta, 7 km south of the city of Magelang, and 100 km southwest of Semarang.
Borobudur temple complex provides accommodation facilities are quite complete, such as hotel / lodging, restaurant / dining, souvenir shops which is very comprehensive, gas stations, and means of communication, such as kiosks and Internet cafes. Around the Borobudur Temple, also a lot of carriage (a type of carriage) which could be used to take a walk around the temple complex. While in the temple complex, there is also a train engine if you are tired or lazy to walk up to the temple. In the Borobudur temple complex are also museums that are worth visiting.
Advice & TipsWeather in Borobudur very hot during the day. Do not forget to bring an umbrella and a hat, and wear sunblock to your skin is not sunburned. But if you do not want to bother carrying an umbrella from the house, near the entrance of many rental umbrellas which you can rent for 5-10rb.
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